Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, Sleep Disruption, and Neuromuscular Blockade

2013;41(9 Suppl 1):S30-S38. https://doi.org/10.1097/

ccm.0b013e3182a16898

Galvin M, Jago-Byrne MC, Fitzsimons M, Grimes T.

Clinical pharmacist’s contribution to medication rec-

onciliation on admission to hospital in Ireland. Int J

Clin Pharm. 2013;35(1):14-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/

s11096-012-9696-1

Girard TD, Kress JP, Fuchs BD, et al. Efficacy and

safety of a paired sedation and ventilator weaning pro-

tocol for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive

care (Awakening and Breathing Controlled trial): a

134. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60105-1

Grayson KE, Bailey M, Balachandran M, et al. The

effect of early sedation with dexmedetomidine on

Med.

2021;49(7):1118-1128.

https://doi.org/10.1097/

ccm.0000000000004935

Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matté A, et al. Functional

disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syn-

drome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(14):1293-1304. https://

doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1011802

Honiden S, Siegel MD. Analytic reviews: man-

aging the agitated patient in the ICU: sedation,

analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade. J Intensive

Care

Med.

2010;25(4):187-204.

https://doi.

org/10.1177/0885066610366923

Horinek EL, Kiser TH, Fish DN, MacLaren R.

Propylene glycol accumulation in critically ill patients

receiving continuous intravenous lorazepam infusions.

org/10.1345/aph.1m313

Hughes CG, Girard TD, Pandharipande PP. Daily seda-

tion interruption versus targeted light sedation strategies

S45. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182a168c5

Jakob SM, Ruokonen E, Grounds RM, et al.

Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam or propofol for seda-

tion during prolonged mechanical ventilation: two

1160. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.304

Kane-Gill SL, Jacobi J, Rothschild JM. Adverse

drug events in intensive care units: risk factors,

2010;38(6

Suppl):S83-S89.

https://doi.org/10.1097/

ccm.0b013e3181dd8364

Kawazoe Y, Miyamoto K, Morimoto T, et al. Effect of

dexmedetomidine on mortality and ventilator-free days

in patients requiring mechanical ventilation with sepsis:

1328. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.2088

Kukoyi A, Coker S, Lewis L, Nierenberg D. Two

cases

of

acute

dexmedetomidine

withdrawal

syndrome following prolonged infusion in the inten-

sive care unit: report of cases and review of the

literature. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2013;32(1):107-110. https://

doi.org/10.1177/0960327112454896

Lewis K, Alshamsi F, Carayannopoulos KL, et al.

Dexmedetomidine vs other sedatives in critically ill

mechanically ventilated adults: a systematic review

and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Intensive

s00134-022-06712-2

Mehta S, Burry L, Cook D, et al. Daily sedation inter-

ruption in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients

cared for with a sedation protocol: a randomized con-

org/10.1001/jama.2012.13872

Molina-Infante J, Arias A, Vara-Brenes D, et al. Propofol

administration is safe in adult eosinophilic esophagi-

tis patients sensitized to egg, soy, or peanut. Allergy.

2014;69(3):388-394. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.12360

Møller MH, Alhazzani W, Lewis K, et al. Use of dex-

medetomidine for sedation in mechanically ventilated

adult ICU patients: a rapid practice guideline. Intensive

s00134-022-06660-x

Pandharipande PP, Pun BT, Herr DL, et al. Effect

of sedation with dexmedetomidine vs lorazepam on

acute brain dysfunction in mechanically ventilated

patients: the MENDS randomized controlled trial.

jama.298.22.2644

Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, et al.

Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transi-

tioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients.

Anesthesiology.

2006;104(1):21-26.

https://doi.

org/10.1097/00000542-200601000-00005