Index
Module 2 • Research Methods
Research Design, Biostatistics & Literature Evaluation
88%
Core Content
Research Design, Biostatistics & Literature Evaluation
Julie E. Farrar ~3 min read Module 2 of 20
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Research Design, Biostatistics, and Literature Evaluation

studies. Guidance for authors from editors of respi-

ratory, sleep, and critical care journals. Ann Am

Thorac Soc. 2019;16(1):22-28. https://doi.org/10.1513/

annalsats.201808-564ps

Motulsky H. Intuitive Biostatistics. A Nonmathematical

Guide to Statistical Thinking. Oxford University Press;

2014.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Prevention

and Early Treatment of Acute Lung Injury Clinical Trials

Network; Shapiro NI, Douglas IS, Brower RG, et al. Early

restrictive or liberal fluid management for sepsis-induced

hypotension. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(6):499-510. https://

doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2212663

Sullivan GM, Feinn R. Using effect size-or why the P

value is not enough. J Grad Med Educ. 2012;4(3):279-

282. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-12-00156.1

Wasserstein RL, Lazer NA. The ASA statement on p-values:

context, process, and purpose. Am Stat. 2016;70:129-133.

https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108

Wasserstein RL, Schirm AL, Lazar NA. Moving to a

world beyond β€œp < 0.05.” Am Stat. 2019;73:1-19. http://

dx.doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2019.1583913

Whitley E, Ball J. Statistics review 4: sample size cal-

culations. Crit Care. 2002;6(4):335-341. https://doi.

org/10.1186/cc1521

Yarnell CJ, Granton JT, Tomlinson G. Bayesian analy-

sis in critical care medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care

Med.

2020;201(4):396-398.

https://doi.org/10.1164/

rccm.201910-2019ed

Zampieri FG, Damiani LP, Bakker J, et al. Effects of

a resuscitation strategy targeting peripheral perfu-

sion status versus serum lactate levels among patients

with septic shock. A Bayesian reanalysis of the

ANDROMEDA-SHOCK trial. Am J Respir Crit Care

Med.

2020;201(4):423-429.

https://doi.org/10.1164/

rccm.201905-0968oc

Application of Knowledge to Patient Care

Annane D, Renault A, Brun-Buisson C, et al.

Hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone for adults with sep-

tic shock. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(9):809-818. https://

doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1705716

ANZIC Influenza Investigators; Webb SA, PettilΓ€ V,

Seppelt I, et al. Critical care services and 2009 H1N1

influenza in Australia and New Zealand. N Engl J

Med. 2009;361(20):1925-1934. https://doi.org/10.1056/

nejmoa0908481

Mohan D, Angus DC. Thought outside the box:

intensive care unit freakonomics and decision mak-

ing in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med.

2010;38(10 suppl):S637-S641. https://doi.org/10.1097/

ccm.0b013e3181f202c3

Murad MH, Montori VM. Synthesizing evidence: shift-

ing the focus from individual studies to the body of

evidence. JAMA. 2013;309(21):2217-2218. https://doi.

org/10.1001/jama.2013.5616

StrΓΈm T, Martinussen T, Toft P. A protocol of no sedation

for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation:

a randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;375(9713):475-480.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)62072-9

Tonelli MR. Integrating evidence into clinical prac-

tice: an alternative to evidence-based approaches.

J Eval Clin Pract. 2006;12(3):248-256. https://doi.

org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2004.00551.x

Tonelli MR, Curtis JR, Guntupalli KK, et al. An offi-

cial multi-society statement: the role of clinical research

results in the practice of critical care medicine. Am J
Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(10):1117-1124. https://doi.

org/10.1164/rccm.201204-0638st

Vincent JL. Evidence-based medicine in the ICU: impor-

tant advances and limitations. Chest. 2004;126(2):592-600.

https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.126.2.592

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