Shock Syndromes I
early septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(18):1683-
1693. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1401602
Raghunathan K, Shaw A, Nathanson B, et al. Association
between the choice of IV crystalloid and in-hospital
mortality among critically ill adults with sepsis*. Crit
ccm.0000000000000305
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving
Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for man-
Med.
2017;45(3):486-552.
https://doi.org/10.1097/
ccm.0000000000002255
Rivers E, Nguyen B, Havstad S, et al. Early goal-directed
therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic
shock. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(19):1368-1377. https://
doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa010307
Roberts JA, Lipman J. Pharmacokinetic issues for
Med.
2009;37(3):840-859.
https://doi.org/10.1097/
ccm.0b013e3181961bff
Roberts JA, Paul SK, Akova M, et al. DALI: defining
antibiotic levels in intensive care unit patients: are cur-
rent β-lactam antibiotic doses sufficient for critically ill
patients? Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(8):1072-1083. https://
doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu027
Rochwerg B, Alhazzani W, Sindi A, et al. Fluid resus-
citation in sepsis: a systematic review and network
https://doi.org/10.7326/m14-0178
Rochwerg B, Oczkowski SJ, Siemieniuk RAC, et al.
Corticosteroids in sepsis: an updated systematic review
https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000003262
Russell JA, Walley KR, Singer J, et al. Vasopressin
versus norepinephrine infusion in patients with septic
shock. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(9):877-887. https://doi.
org/10.1056/nejmoa067373
Rygård SL, Butler E, Granholm A, et al. Low-dose
corticosteroids for adult patients with septic shock: a
systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequen-
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5197-6
SAFE Study Investigators; Finfer S, McEvoy S, Bellomo
R, et al. Impact of albumin compared to saline on
organ function and mortality of patients with severe
org/10.1007/s00134-010-2039-6
Santer P, Anstey MH, Patrocínio MD, et al. Effect of
midodrine versus placebo on time to vasopressor discon-
tinuation in patients with persistent hypotension in the
intensive care unit (MIDAS): an international randomised
1893. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06216-x
Serpa Neto A, Nassar AP, Cardoso SO, et al. Vasopressin
and terlipressin in adult vasodilatory shock: a systematic
review and meta-analysis of nine randomized con-
org/10.1186/cc11469
Sevransky JE, Rothman RE, Hager DN, et al. Effect
of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone on ven-
tilator- and vasopressor-free days in patients with
sepsis:
the
VICTAS
randomized
clinical
trial.
2021;325(8):742-750.
https://doi.org/10.1001/
jama.2020.24505
Seymour CW, Liu VX, Iwashyna TJ, et al. Assessment
of clinical criteria for sepsis: for the Third International
Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock
(Sepsis-3).
2016;315(8):762-774.
https://doi.
org/10.1001/jama.2016.0288
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The
Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis
810. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.0287
Sprung CL, Annane D, Keh D, et al. Hydrocortisone
therapy for patients with septic shock. N Engl J
Med.
2008;358(2):111-124.
https://doi.org/10.1056/
nejmoa071366
Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). Updated bundles in
response to new evidence. 2015. www.survivingsepsis.
org/SiteCollectionDocuments/SSC_Bundle.pdf
Taccone FS, Laterre PF, Dugernier T, et al. Insufficient
β-lactam concentrations in the early phase of severe sep-
doi.org/10.1186/cc9091
The Joint Commission. Specifications manual for
national hospital inpatient quality measures. 2016. https://
www.jointcommission.org/specifications_manual_for_
national_hospi-tal_inpatient_quality_measures.aspx
Torgersen C, Dünser MW, Wenzel V, et al. Comparing
two different arginine vasopressin doses in advanced